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Programming Across Disciplines
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An eBook by John Gordon
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Operators

Page Contents


Arithmetic Operators

Operator Operation Description
+ Addition Adds two values together. Examples:
x + 4
      y + 6 + x
- Subtraction Subtracts one value from another values.
* Multiplication Multiples two values together.
/ Division Divids one value by another value. Be careful not to attempt to divide by zero.
% Modulus Returns the remainder of dividing one vaolule by another value.
** Exponentiation Rasies the power of one value by another value.
// Floor Division Divides one value by another value, then returns the floor value of the result. The floor value is the greatest integer less than or equal to the resulting value.

Assignment Operators

Operator Description
= Assignment Operator: The most basic assignment operator, which simply assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Example:
x = 10
+= Add AND Operator: This operator adds the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x += 10    # Equivalent to x = x + 3
-= Subtract AND Operator: This operator subtracts the value on the right-hand side from the variable on the left-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x -= 10   # equivalent to x = x - 10
*= Multiply AND Operator: This operator multiplies the value on the right-hand side with the variable on the left-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x *= 10   # equivalent to x = x * 10
/= Divide AND Operator: This operator divides the variable on the left-hand side by the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x /= 10    # equivalent to x = x / 10
%= Modulo AND Operator: This operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left-hand side is divided by the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x %= 10    # equivalent to x = x % 10
//= Integer Division AND Operator: This operator performs integer division between the variable on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x //= 10   # equivalent to x = x // 10
**= Exponentiation AND Operator: This operator raises the variable on the left-hand side to the power of the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x **= 10   # equivalent to x = x ** 10
&= Bitwise AND Operator: This operator performs a bitwise AND operation between the variable on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x &= 10    # equivalent to x = x & 10
!= Bitwise OR Operator: This operator performs a bitwise OR operation between the variable on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x |= 10    # equivalent to x = x | 10
^= Bitwise XOR Operator: This operator performs a bitwise XOR operation between the variable on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side, and then assigns the result to the variable on the left-hand side.

Examples:
x ^= 10    # equivalent to x = x ^ 10

Comparison Operators

Operator Comparison Description
== Equal The double-equal symbol compares the left-side value with the right-side value. If they are equal, then it results in True. If the comparison is not equal, then it results in False.
Note: A common mistake in coding is to use the single-equal sign (=) instead of the double-equal (==). This mistake can cause significant problems because instead of making a comparison, the single-equal assigns the valuse of the right-side to the left-side.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x == y:
Condition Result: False

!= Not Equal This comparison operator is the opposite of the equal operator above. It compares the left-side value with the right-side value. If they are not equal, then it results in True. If the comparison is equal, then it results in False.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x != y:
Condition Result: True

> Greater Than This comparison operator checks if the left-side value is greater than (determined by the data type) the right-side value. If the left-side is greater, then it results in True. If the left-side is not greater than the right side, then it results in False.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x > y:
Condition Result: False

< Less Than This comparison operator checks if the left-side value is less than (determined by the data type) the right-side value. If the left-side is less, then it results in True. If the left-side is not less than the right side, then it results in False.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x < y:
b>Condition Result: True

>= Greater Than or Equal To This comparison operator checks if the left-side value is greater or equal to (determined by the data type) the right-side value. If the left-side is greater or equal to, then it results in True. If the left-side is not greater or equal to than the right side, then it results in False.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x >= y:
Condition Result: False

<= Less Than or Equal To This comparison operator checks if the left-side value is less than or equal to (determined by the data type) the right-side value. If the left-side is less than or equal to, then it results in True. If the left-side is not less than or equal to the right side, then it results in False.

Example: 
x = 10
      y = 20
      if x <= y:
Condition Result: True

Logical Operators

Operator Description
and Returns True if both statements are true
or Returns True if one of the statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true

Identity Operators

Operator Description
is Returns True if both variables are the same object
is not Returns True if both variables are not the same objec

Membership Operators

Operator Description
in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
not in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

Bitwise Operators

Operator Name Description
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits
<< Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off



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